See thorn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
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},
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],
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},
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thorn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thorn; torn (Shetland)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "thoornes",
"alts": "1"
},
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"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns"
}
],
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{
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},
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"3": "þorn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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{
"args": {
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{
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"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "thorn (plural thornes)",
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{
"_dis": "35 26 4 15 21",
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{
"_dis": "28 13 19 29 12",
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{
"_dis": "32 24 7 13 24",
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{
"_dis": "34 23 14 13 17",
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},
{
"_dis": "35 24 12 12 18",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 22 14 14 17",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
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"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "29 21 16 17 17",
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"orig": "enm:Woods",
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"Trees",
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"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
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"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
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"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-cOguSMYX",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 7 1 25 4 14 10 1 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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{
"_dis": "28 13 19 29 12",
"kind": "topical",
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},
{
"_dis": "23 32 9 18 17",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-dFwDCNAd",
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 13 19 29 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
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"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-kl2mG8B7",
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 13 19 29 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
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"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-bCyoUKEK",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 13 19 29 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-Kp-9mzov",
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thurne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þorne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þron"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
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"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"descendants": [
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"2": "thorn"
},
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"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "English: thorn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thorn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
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},
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"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thorn; torn (Shetland)"
},
{
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{
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"2": "thoornes",
"alts": "1"
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"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns"
}
],
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},
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"name": "glossary"
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{
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"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þorn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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"g": "",
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"expansion": "thorn",
"name": "head"
},
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"args": {
"1": "thornes"
},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thornes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"word": "thron"
},
{
"word": "thurne"
},
{
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"word": "þorne"
},
{
"word": "þron"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thorn meaning in Middle English (3.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.