See thorn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
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"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "torn"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thoornes"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thorns"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thurns"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"3": "I"
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{
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},
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{
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{
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{
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thron",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thurne",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þorn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þorne",
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"alternative"
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],
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 23 7 17 22",
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"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"_dis": "35 21 15 12 17",
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{
"_dis": "47 9 21 15 8",
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{
"_dis": "38 27 5 6 24",
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{
"_dis": "30 19 12 20 19",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "29 15 16 26 14",
"kind": "other",
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43
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],
"english": "Then Jesus exited wearing a crown of thorns and purple clothing, and [Pilate] said to them, \"See, the man!\"",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 19:5, folio 53, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and ſo ıḣc wente out berynge a crowne of þoꝛnes ⁊ a clooþ of purpur / And he ſeiþ to hem / lo þe man",
"translation": "Then Jesus exited wearing a crown of thorns and purple clothing, and [Pilate] said to them, \"See, the man!\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-cOguSMYX",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 21 4 5 33",
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},
{
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{
"_dis": "29 15 16 26 14",
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"name": "Woods",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-dFwDCNAd",
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 15 16 26 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-kl2mG8B7",
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 15 16 26 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-bCyoUKEK",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 21 4 5 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "enm:Foods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 15 16 26 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-Kp-9mzov",
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
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"enm:Botany",
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"enm:Shrubs",
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{
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"word": "thorny"
}
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "thorn"
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"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "torn"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thoornes"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thorns"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thurns"
}
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"expansion": "Old English þorn",
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{
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thurne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þorn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þorne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "thornes"
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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],
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{
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41,
47
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[
37,
43
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],
"english": "Then Jesus exited wearing a crown of thorns and purple clothing, and [Pilate] said to them, \"See, the man!\"",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 19:5, folio 53, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and ſo ıḣc wente out berynge a crowne of þoꝛnes ⁊ a clooþ of purpur / And he ſeiþ to hem / lo þe man",
"translation": "Then Jesus exited wearing a crown of thorns and purple clothing, and [Pilate] said to them, \"See, the man!\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"links": [
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"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thorn meaning in Middle English (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.